ALL-NATURAL-ENERGY-WIND-GENERATORS

The Third Green Industrial Revolution is at Hand:

The 100% Renewable Energy Future. The solution to the entire world's energy needs and fossil fuel pollution problems is really quite simple;

Connect a raft of cheap, ($500-$1,000/KW Capital Cost), distributed, low-environmental-impact 1,000-2,000MW pumped hydro schemes to our new, very cheap wind power turbines and the whole world could have all the low-cost forever renewable energy it could ever need, to power homes, businesses and cars. Enough on-demand clean energy for everyone to enjoy at a lower cost than any other green power system.

As we move the world’s vehicle fleet over to electric cars, trucks, busses and trains over the next 25 years, society will need new supplies of clean electric power to feed the expanding electric vehicle fleet.

We could solve the world's energy crisis simply and elegantly by building large offshore wind farms which would use next generation accelerating wind turbines to recover electricity from nature's air at costs cheaper than any other power system. Additionally, when and-or if solar gets cheaper, we could build large onshore solar farms in the desert.

These intermittent, zero-carbon, renewable-energy power plants could fill up numerous strategically located pumped-hydro schemes; beautiful environmentally sound connected pairs of man-made lakes dotted across the nation, which would store the renewable power and release it to consumers when demanded. The lakes would also provide new parks and natural habitat for untold species of birds and wildlife.

Environmentally Attractive Pumped-Storage Hydropower Plants can cheaply store intermittent generated wind and solar energy to provide vast amounts of 24-7 zero-carbon base-load clean electrical energy on demand.

In a zero-carbon-impact pumped storage facility, water is pumped, (preferably using wind and solar power) during off-peak demand periods from a reservoir at a lower elevation for storage in a reservoir at a higher elevation. Electricity is then generated during peak demand periods by releasing the pumped water from the higher reservoir and allowing it to flow downhill through the hydraulic turbine(s) connected to electrical generators.

Pumped hydro storage methods are typically used to provide power during peak demand periods on very short notice and are not dependent solely on fresh water runoff as the same water is re-used over and over again.

Pumping water back to the upper pool uses off peak electricity, which can be generated from any source including wind power.

Pumped-storage systems are considered as the most flexible sources of large scale clean electricity storage and generation.

These units generate electricity when demand and price are higher (during peak hours) and pump the same water back to the upper pools when electricity demand and price are lower.

Pumped-storage plants are not net energy producers; rather, they provide energy storage and electricity at its peak demand times.

70% to 85% of the electrical energy used to pump the water into the elevated reservoir can be regained.

Pumped storage facilities, however, are economical because they can store low-cost off-peak wind electricity and re-generate high-value on-peak electricity.

Pumped storage is simple, efficient, and responds quickly to demands. Countries, like Denmark, that have little hydro potential, have made arrangements with countries that do have the necessary hydro potentials. When Denmark’s wind output is to high they sell it to Scandinavian countries. When Denmark’s wind output is low they receive power back from the Scandinavian countries. Germany has made a similar arrangement with Austria.

By carefully planning the reservoirs and planting suitable flora, large number of recreational and wildlife sanctuaries-resources are gained by the storage lakes.

The pumped storage potential of the state has an upper limit of 6.5 quads, all undeveloped. It is anticipated that development of the pumped storage potential of the state will follow simultaneous and parallel development of other renewable resources, notably wind.

The attendant water and land requirements for the full development of the 6.5 quads of the pumped storage potential, do not pose any strain on the natural resources of the state since they constitute only 1.0% of the annual rainfall and 0.1% of the land of California. Finally, pumped hydroelectric development entails, in most cases, smaller changes in the local environment. Past experience has proven that responsible study, planning, and execution of any pumped hydroelectric project always leads to results beneficial to both nature and humanity.